Cairo isn’t just a city—it’s an experience. A whirlwind of color, sound, history, and humanity. Standing on the edge of the Nile River and sprawling across the desert, Egypt’s capital is one of the oldest, busiest, and most captivating cities in the world. Here, the ancient and the modern don’t just coexist—they dance together.
You’ll see it all in Cairo: pyramids that have stood for thousands of years, mosques with intricate minarets, traffic that seems to move by magic, and markets bursting with energy. It’s overwhelming, yes—but unforgettable.
HISTORY ETCHED IN EVERY STONE
Cairo’s story is one of layers. Although the Pyramids of Giza nearby date back over 4,000 years, Cairo as a city was officially founded in 969 AD by the Fatimid dynasty. However, people had been living in the region long before that. Ancient cities like Memphis, Heliopolis, and Fustat served as vital political and cultural centers long before modern Cairo rose.
Throughout the centuries, Cairo flourished under different rulers—Fatimids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, and later the British. Each left their mark, shaping a city rich with architectural, artistic, and religious treasures. At one point, it was considered one of the most important centers of learning in the Islamic world.
Today, Cairo remains not only the political and cultural capital of Egypt but also a living archive of civilizations that have come and gone—while still being very much alive in the present.
POPULATION AND PEOPLE
Cairo is massive, both in terms of land and population. Over 10 million people live in the city proper, and when you include Greater Cairo (which spreads into neighboring governorates), the number shoots up to nearly 22 million. It’s one of the largest urban areas in Africa and the Middle East.
Cairenes (as locals are known) come from all walks of life—businesspeople, street vendors, scholars, artists, and students. The city pulses with life at every corner: children playing in alleys, friends sipping tea on sidewalks, vendors shouting out their latest deals. Life here is full, loud, and passionate.
LANGUAGE, CURRENCY AND ELECTRICITY
The official language spoken in Cairo is Arabic, specifically Egyptian Arabic—a lively and expressive dialect. While English is taught in schools and widely used in tourism, signage, and business, knowing a few Arabic phrases goes a long way and is always appreciated.
The currency used is the Egyptian pound (EGP). Banknotes come in various denominations, and while major hotels and restaurants accept cards, cash is still king in many areas, especially for street food, taxis, and small shops.
Electricity in Cairo runs on 220 volts, with a 50 Hz frequency, and plugs are usually Type C or F, the standard two-round-pin plugs found in much of Europe. Travelers from countries with different systems should bring adapters and check if their devices are dual-voltage.
WEATHER: A TALE OF SUN AND SAND
Cairo’s climate is defined by the desert. It’s hot, dry, and sunny for most of the year. Rain is rare, and snow is practically unheard of.
- Summer (June to August) is intense, with temperatures often soaring above 38°C (100°F). The heat is dry, but in the city, it can feel overwhelming—especially in traffic or crowded areas.
- Winter (December to February) is much milder, with temperatures ranging from 10–20°C (50–68°F). It’s the best time to visit, especially for outdoor sightseeing.
- Spring and Autumn bring comfortable weather but can include sandstorms, known locally as the “khamsin,” where hot, dusty winds blow in from the desert.
The good news? Sunshine is almost guaranteed.
A CULINARY ADVENTURE IN EVERY BITE
Food in Cairo is a true reflection of the city’s character—rich, diverse, and satisfying. Egyptian cuisine blends Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, and African influences into something unique and deeply comforting.
Some local must-tries include:
- Koshari: Considered Egypt’s national dish, this is a hearty mix of rice, lentils, pasta, fried onions, and tomato sauce. It’s humble street food—but full of flavor.
- Ful Medames: Mashed fava beans cooked with oil, lemon, and spices. A breakfast staple.
- Ta’ameya: Egypt’s version of falafel, made with fava beans instead of chickpeas, and fried to perfection.
- Shawarma: Marinated meat cooked on a spit, served in pita bread with tahini, veggies, and sauces.
- Molokhia: A green, garlicky stew made from jute leaves, served with rice and often chicken or rabbit.
And of course, Cairo offers an endless supply of sweet treats, like basbousa, baklava, and kunafa. Wash it all down with strong Egyptian tea, or a tiny but powerful cup of Arabic coffee.
GETTING AROUND THE CHAOS: TRANSPORTATION IN CAIRO
Transportation in Cairo is, in a word, chaotic. But it works—for those who understand it.
- Metro: The Cairo Metro is one of the oldest in Africa and the Arab world. It’s cheap, fast, and connects key areas. Trains can get crowded, but it’s a solid option for tourists. There are women-only cars for those who prefer them.
- Buses and Microbuses: Widely used by locals, but difficult to navigate if you’re new to the city. There are no reliable schedules, and routes can be confusing.
- Taxis: White taxis are common. While many have meters, it’s often better to agree on a fare before starting the ride.
- Ride-sharing apps: Uber and Careem operate in Cairo and are widely used. They’re more comfortable and safer for foreigners.
- Walking: Sidewalks can be inconsistent, and traffic rules are loosely followed. Be alert, especially when crossing streets.
IS CAIRO SAFE?
For such a huge city, Cairo is relatively safe, especially in tourist areas. Violent crime is rare, and most visitors experience no problems. That said, petty theft, scams, and overcharging can occur.
Here are some safety tips:
- Be cautious of overly friendly strangers offering tours or “help.”
- Keep valuables secure, especially in crowded markets or public transport.
- Dress modestly, especially in religious areas.
- Don’t drink tap water—bottled water is cheap and available everywhere.
- Traffic is a bigger danger than crime. Always look both ways—twice.
Egyptians are generally warm, hospitable, and eager to show their culture to visitors. A little awareness and respect go a long way.
WHAT TO SEE: CAIRO’S UNMISSABLE ATTRACTIONS
Cairo is filled with wonders, both ancient and modern. Here are just a few must-see highlights:
- The Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx – No trip to Cairo is complete without standing in awe before these ancient marvels. Built over 4,500 years ago, they’re just a short drive from the city center.
- The Egyptian Museum – Home to one of the richest collections of ancient artifacts in the world, including treasures from King Tutankhamun’s tomb.
- Khan El Khalili Bazaar – A maze-like market full of spices, perfumes, textiles, jewelry, and souvenirs. Great for getting lost in time.
- The Citadel of Saladin – A medieval Islamic fortification offering panoramic views and the stunning Mosque of Muhammad Ali.
- Old Cairo (Coptic Cairo) – Explore ancient Christian sites, including the Hanging Church, Ben Ezra Synagogue, and Coptic Museum.
- Al-Azhar Mosque – A hub of Islamic learning for over 1,000 years and a masterpiece of Islamic architecture.
- Nile River Cruises – Take a felucca (traditional boat) at sunset for a peaceful break from the city noise.
OTHER ASPECTS WORTH KNOWING
- Friday is the main day of rest. Many businesses close in the morning for prayers and reopen later in the day.
- Bargaining is expected in markets. Don’t accept the first price—haggling is part of the fun.
- Women travelers are welcomed but may attract attention. Dressing conservatively helps avoid unwanted stares.
- Prayer calls from mosques are heard citywide and add to the atmosphere of daily life.
Cairo doesn’t try to be perfect—it just is. It’s loud, chaotic, beautiful, intense, and deeply alive. One moment you’re walking through a bustling market filled with incense and laughter, the next you’re gazing at the oldest standing structure in the world.
Cairo is a place that challenges and rewards you. It teaches patience and stirs curiosity. It may take a moment to adjust to its rhythm—but once you do, you’ll find a city unlike any other.
For those who seek not just to visit, but to feel a place—Cairo delivers.
