Prague, often called “the City of a Hundred Spires,” is a jewel in the heart of Central Europe. It weaves together centuries of history, lively urban energy, and poetic quiet corners. To visit Prague is to wander through layers of time, where Gothic cathedrals rub shoulders with Baroque squares, and where the hum of modern life meets echoes of the medieval past.
A BRIEF HISTORY
The roots of Prague stretch deep into the Middle Ages. Its early importance grew from its strategic location on trade routes linking Western and Eastern Europe. Over centuries, Prague rose in prominence, especially under the rule of the Bohemian kings and then later as the seat of the Holy Roman Emperors. The reign of Charles IV in the 14th century marked a golden age — the construction of the iconic Charles Bridge and the establishment of Prague as a center of culture, learning, and governance all date from that era.
Through upheavals — wars, empires, religious transformations, the Habsburg monarchy, the influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire — Prague adapted and evolved. In the 20th century, it witnessed dramatic events: the formation of Czechoslovakia after World War I, Nazi occupation during World War II, the Soviet-backed communist period, the Prague Spring, and ultimately the Velvet Revolution in 1989. After the peaceful split of Czechoslovakia in 1993, Prague became the capital of the Czech Republic.
This historical tapestry has left Prague with a built environment rich in styles: Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo, Art Nouveau, Cubist, and modern glass-and-steel. Every district tells a different chapter of its story.
POPULATION, LANGUAGE AND CURRENCY
Prague today is home to roughly 1.3 million inhabitants. The greater metropolitan area pushes that number higher, making it a significant urban hub in Central Europe. The population is a mix of native Czechs, smaller minorities, expatriates, and international students, all contributing to a cosmopolitan pulse in the city.
The primary language is Czech. It is a West Slavic language, sharing roots with Slovak and Polish but not mutually intelligible with German or English. In tourist zones and among the younger generations, English is commonly spoken; you’ll also find hospitality workers fluent in German, Russian, and sometimes French.
The currency in use is the Czech koruna (often abbreviated CZK). Though the Czech Republic is a European Union member, it has chosen not to adopt the euro. The koruna remains in everyday use, so when you’re paying for a tram ticket, a meal, or a souvenir, you’ll deal in CZK.
ELECTRICITY AND CLIMATE
If you travel to Prague with electronics, note that the electric system delivers 230 volts at a frequency of 50 Hz. The plug types are the round-pronged “Type E” plug, common in much of continental Europe, so make sure your adapters (and your devices) are compatible.
Prague’s climate is temperate continental with some oceanic influence. Winters (December through February) tend to be cold, with average lows often dipping below zero, and occasional snow adding a fairy-tale blanket to the historic rooftops. Spring and autumn are transitional — crisp, sometimes rainy, unpredictable — but often show off Prague’s colors and charm. Summers (June to August) are pleasantly warm, with highs often in the 25–30 °C range, and sometimes into the low 30s. Occasional heat waves may push the mercury higher. Rainfall is spread fairly evenly through the year, with slightly wetter periods in late spring and early summer.
CULINARY FLAVORS: WHAT (AND WHERE) TO EAT
Czech cuisine is hearty, comforting, and deeply rooted in tradition. In Prague, you’ll find a delightful mix of classic Czech fare, modern fusion, cafés, and international cuisine.
Signature dishes include svíčková na smetaně (marinated beef sirloin with creamy vegetable sauce and dumplings), goulash (a rich beef stew served with bread or dumplings), roast pork with sauerkraut and dumplings, and fried cheese (a local favorite — a breaded cheese slab, often served with tartar sauce and fries). For starters or side dishes, you’ll see potato pancakes, pickled vegetables, hearty soups, and rye or oat breads. For dessert lovers, there’s traditional apple strudel, fruit dumplings, and nut rolls — sweet, filling, and often served with whipped cream.
As Prague has become a vibrant cultural and tourist hub, the gastronomic scene has diversified: you’ll find trendy vegan cafés, Asian and Middle Eastern restaurants, craft beer pubs, modern bistros, and fine dining establishments. For the authentic experience, though, try a traditional “hospoda” (pub or eatery) in a non-touristic neighborhood: delicious local food, friendly ambiance, and more reasonable prices.
GETTING AROUND: TRANSPORT IN PRAGUE
One of Prague’s strengths is its excellent public transport system. It includes:
- Trams: Efficient, extensive, and frequent. Many routes traverse historical districts and suburbs alike. Taking a tram is not only useful but charming — at dusk you might ride over the Charles Bridge or through narrow alleys.
- Metro: Prague’s subway system has three lines (A, B, C). It is fast, reliable, clean, and connects major areas of the city, including transfers to tram lines and bus lines.
- Buses: Used mostly for peripheral districts or places not served by tram or metro.
- Funicular: There’s a funicular railway up to Petřín Hill, offering both utility and scenic views.
- Paddle boats / river ferries: On the Vltava River, small ferries or sightseeing boats provide an alternative and picturesque route.
- Walking: Many historic neighborhoods are compact and best explored on foot — the best way to uncover hidden courtyards, baroque alleys, and quiet corners.
- Bikes / scooters: In recent years, bike rentals and electric scooter services have grown; some streets and parks are well adapted for cycling.
Tickets are integrated: one ticket typically works across tram, metro, and bus for a fixed duration (30 minutes, 90 minutes, or day passes). For visitors, multi-day passes simplify travel. Be sure to validate (stamp) your ticket once onboard or entering a station — Prague enforces checks and fines for invalid tickets.
SAFETY AND PRACTICAL MATTERS
Overall, Prague is considered a safe city for residents and visitors alike. Violent crime is rare, and most tourist visits pass without any incident. Still, like any major city, you should remain alert to petty theft, especially pickpocketing in crowded districts, tram stations, bridges, and tourist hotspots. Keep your belongings close, avoid flashing valuables in crowded areas, and use hotel safes or lockers where available.
Nighttime walking is generally safe in central districts, but in more remote neighborhoods or poorly lit alleys, normal urban caution is wise. Use licensed taxis or ride-sharing apps rather than hailing random vehicles. In very cold or icy conditions, watch your step: cobblestone streets and narrow pavement edges can be slippery.
A practical tip: keep a small card with local emergency phone numbers and your hotel address in Czech — helpful if you need to ask a stranger for help. Also, many pharmacies, shops, and public offices in central Prague will speak English enough to assist you if needed.
MAIN TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
Prague offers a treasure trove of things to see — from majestic cathedrals to secret gardens. Here are some must‑visit highlights and lesser-known corners:
1. Prague castle (Pražský hrad)
This sprawling complex perched on a hill above the city is often considered the symbol of Prague. It includes the Gothic St. Vitus Cathedral, former royal palaces, golden-roofed courtyards, gardens, and museums. You can easily spend hours exploring its nooks, towers, and terraces, and enjoy panoramic vistas over the city.
2. Charles Bridge (Karlův most)
A medieval stone bridge lined with statues, linking the Castle district with Lesser Town (Malá Strana). The views of the river, the spires of the Old Town, and the daily mix of musicians and artists make it unforgettable, though be prepared for crowds — early morning or after dusk is often the calmest time to cross.
3. Old town square (Staroměstské náměstí) and astronomical clock
Prague’s historic core pulses here: Gothic churches, colorful facades, street performers, cafés, and the world-famous astronomical clock (the Orloj). Every hour, the clock “performs” — small mechanical figures emerge to delight onlookers. Nearby are the Church of Our Lady before Týn and the Gothic Old Town Hall tower.
4. Jewish quarter (Josefov)
A poignant area that preserves synagogues, museums, and a centuries-old Jewish cemetery. It tells the story of Prague’s long Jewish presence, its flourishing intellectual life, and the tragic disruptions of the 20th century.
5. Lesser town (Malá Strana)
Nestled below the Castle, this district feels like a postcard: cobbled lanes, baroque palaces, hidden gardens, ornate churches. Walk down to the Vltava embankment or climb up to the Petřín Hill.
6. Petřín Hill and observation tower
A green escape in the middle of the city, accessible via funicular or footpath. On top sits the Petřín Tower (a small-scale Eiffel‑style tower), offering sweeping city views. The hill also hosts rose gardens, mirrors maze, and quiet spots to rest.
7. Wenceslas square (Václavské náměstí)
A broad boulevard stretching through the New Town (Nové Město), lined with shops, cafés, hotels, offices — and full of historical significance (especially in the modern era). At its upper end sits the National Museum.
8. Dancing house (Tančící dům)
A modern architectural gem — a pair of twisting towers evocative of a dancing couple. It’s a striking contrast to Prague’s more traditional skyline. You can visit the top floor bistro for great views or simply appreciate its form from the riverbank.
9. Vyšehrad
A historic fort on a hill south of the city center, often less crowded but rich in history and serenity. It has old fortification walls, a beautiful cemetery where many Czech luminaries are buried, and lovely views over the Vltava.
10. Kampa Island and Lennon wall
A quiet, green island in the river near Charles Bridge, with scenic paths, art installations, cafés, and views of the bridges. The nearby Lennon Wall — a continuously evolving mural of art, messages, and graffiti — is a colorful symbol of freedom and expression.
OTHER ASPECTS WORTH KNOWING
Culture and the arts
Prague’s soul is steeped in culture. It has nurtured famous composers (Dvořák, Smetana), writers (Kafka, Hašek), and artists. The city is peppered with theaters, concert halls, galleries, and opera houses. The tradition of classical music thrives — attending a chamber concert in a baroque chapel or a symphony in a grand hall is part of the Prague experience.
Festivals and events
Throughout the year, Prague hosts film festivals, music events (jazz, alternative, classical), literary gatherings, Christmas and Easter markets, and cultural celebrations. If your travel dates are flexible, you may enjoy catching one of these local rhythms.
Day trips and surroundings
Prague makes a superb base for exploring nearby treasures: the fairy-tale town of Český Krumlov, historic Kutná Hora with its bone-chapel, the gothic Terezín fortress, the wine region south of the city, or the rolling Bohemian countryside. Train and bus connections are convenient and affordable.
Practical tips for visitors
- Best Time to Visit: Late spring (May–June) and early autumn (September) often offer comfortable weather and fewer tourists. Summer is lively but crowded; winter is magical — especially around holidays — yet cold.
- Accommodation: Prague offers a wide range — boutique hotels in historic buildings, guesthouses in quiet districts, and modern hotels near transit. Staying near a tram or metro line helps you explore more easily.
- Walking Shoes: Cobblestones, steep lanes, and occasional uneven surfaces mean sturdy, comfortable walking shoes are a must.
- Language Courtesy: Even a few Czech phrases (hello, thank you, please) go a long way in endearing you to locals. Many welcome the effort.
- Water and Tap Safety: Tap water in Prague is generally safe to drink. Carry a refillable bottle; you’ll find water fountains in parks and municipal areas.
- Tipping: At cafés and restaurants, a tip of about 5–10 % is customary if service is good.
Prague is one of those cities that lingers in memory: the golden glow of dawn on St. Vitus’s spires, the gentle hum of trams in narrow alleys, the soft murmur of the Vltava at dusk, and the whispering of centuries in every courtyard. It is a city where history and modern life coexist; where every street seems to promise a story; where culture, architecture, tradition, and daily bustle converge in a graceful tapestry.
Whether you’re drawn to medieval towers, classical music, local cuisine, or simply strolling and losing yourself in hidden corners, Prague offers more than you can capture at first glance. Step by step, day by day, the city reveals itself — sometimes quietly, sometimes with grand flourish — and invites you into its centuries-old embrace.
