Perched high in the Andes Mountains at over 2,600 meters (8,500 feet) above sea level, Bogotá is a city that surprises at every turn. It’s Colombia’s capital and largest city, a place where colonial charm meets urban sprawl, where centuries-old churches coexist with sleek skyscrapers, and where street art is just as important as fine art in telling the city’s story.
For many travelers, Bogotá is more than a stopover—it’s the beating heart of Colombia, a city rich in culture, diversity, and contrasts. It’s a place where the past, present, and future live side by side.
A CITY WITH A DEEP PAST. HISTORY OF BOGOTA
Bogotá’s roots stretch back long before the Spanish arrived. The area was once inhabited by the Muisca people, an advanced indigenous civilization known for their agriculture, goldwork, and social organization. The Muisca referred to the area as Bacatá, meaning “planted fields,” which later evolved into “Bogotá.”
In 1538, Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada founded the city as Santa Fe de Bogotá, laying the groundwork for what would become one of the most important colonial centers in South America. For centuries, Bogotá served as the political and religious capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, which included present-day Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.
Bogotá has seen its fair share of conflict and change—from independence movements in the 19th century to political unrest in the 20th. One pivotal moment in modern Colombian history was the Bogotazo, a massive urban riot that broke out in 1948 after the assassination of popular leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán. This event triggered decades of civil conflict known as La Violencia.
Yet today, Bogotá stands tall as a city that has rebuilt itself with creativity, innovation, and an eye toward a brighter future.
POPULATION AND CULTURE
Bogotá is home to over 8 million people, making it not only the largest city in Colombia but also one of the most populous cities in South America. It’s a truly diverse metropolis, drawing people from every corner of the country and beyond.
The city is a cultural mosaic, blending indigenous heritage, Spanish colonial legacy, Afro-Colombian influences, and a growing wave of international flavors. This diversity can be felt in its neighborhoods, heard in its music, and tasted in its food.
LANGUAGE, CURRENCY AND ELECTRICITY
The official language spoken in Bogotá is Spanish. Most locals, or “rolos” as they’re sometimes called, speak clearly and with a relatively neutral accent, making the city a popular destination for people learning Spanish. English is spoken in tourist areas, hotels, and by younger generations, especially in universities and business sectors, but it’s always helpful to know a few Spanish phrases.
The local currency is the Colombian peso (COP). Banknotes come in various colors and sizes, and coins are commonly used for small purchases. Credit and debit cards are widely accepted, but cash is still handy for taxis, markets, and small vendors.
Electricity in Bogotá runs on 110 volts with a frequency of 60 Hz. Plugs are typically Type A and B, the same as those used in the United States, so travelers from many countries will need an adapter.
BOGOTA’S HIGH-ALTITUDE CLIMATE
One of Bogotá’s most distinctive features is its high altitude, which gives it a cool, spring-like climate year-round. Temperatures generally hover between 9°C (48°F) and 20°C (68°F). There’s no distinct summer or winter, but there are rainy and dry seasons.
The rainiest months tend to be April, May, October, and November, but showers are usually short and followed by sunshine. Locals joke that you can experience all four seasons in one day, so carrying an umbrella or light jacket is always a good idea.
The altitude can be felt, especially by first-time visitors. Some may experience mild dizziness or shortness of breath during their first day, but most people adjust quickly.
TASTING BOGOTA: TYPICAL FOOD
Colombian cuisine is rich and varied, and Bogotá offers a full spectrum of flavors. The city is known for hearty, comforting food that warms the soul—and the belly—especially given the cooler climate.
Here are some traditional dishes you’ll likely encounter:
- Ajiaco: Bogotá’s signature dish. It’s a thick soup made with chicken, three types of potatoes, corn on the cob, and guasca (a local herb), usually served with avocado, rice, and capers.
- Tamales: Corn dough stuffed with meat, vegetables, and spices, wrapped in banana leaves and steamed. A popular breakfast item.
- Changua: A milk-based soup with eggs and scallions, often eaten for breakfast.
- Arepas: A Colombian staple made from ground maize dough, often filled with cheese or topped with butter.
- Empanadas: Deep-fried pastries filled with meat, potatoes, or cheese, perfect as a street snack.
Bogotá also has a booming culinary scene, with fusion restaurants, gourmet burger joints, vegan cafés, and upscale dining experiences. The Zona G, Zona T, and Usaquén neighborhoods are top spots for food lovers.
GETTING AROUND: TRANSPORTATION IN BOGOTA
Bogotá is a large, busy city, and transportation can be a challenge—but it’s constantly improving.
- TransMilenio: This is Bogotá’s main public transport system. It’s a rapid bus network with dedicated lanes and multiple stations across the city. It’s affordable and efficient during off-peak hours, though crowded at rush hour.
- SITP buses: A secondary bus system that complements the TransMilenio.
- Taxis: Widely available and relatively cheap. Always use registered taxis or taxi apps (like Cabify or Taxis Libres) to ensure safety and fair pricing.
- Ride-hailing apps: Uber, Didi, and InDriver operate in Bogotá, though regulations can be a bit complicated.
- Cycling: Bogotá is known for its Ciclovía, a weekly event where main roads are closed to cars every Sunday and opened to cyclists and pedestrians. The city also has over 500 kilometers of bike lanes.
Walking is safe and pleasant in most tourist areas during the day, especially in neighborhoods like La Candelaria, Chapinero, or Parque 93.
IS BOGOTA SAFE?
Safety in Bogotá has improved significantly over the past two decades. While it was once considered dangerous, today’s Bogotá is much more welcoming to tourists and locals alike. That said, it’s still important to stay cautious.
- Avoid flashy jewelry or pulling out your phone in crowded places.
- Don’t walk alone late at night, especially in unfamiliar areas.
- Stick to well-lit and populated streets.
- Use trusted transportation methods.
- Be aware of pickpockets in busy areas like markets and public buses.
The safest neighborhoods include Usaquén, Chapinero Alto, Zona Rosa, and Parque 93. As always, common sense and awareness go a long way.
TOP ATTRACTIONS IN BOGOTA
Bogotá offers a mix of history, culture, and natural beauty. Whether you’re an art lover, history buff, or adventurer, there’s something here for you:
- La Candelaria: The historic heart of Bogotá. Cobblestone streets, colonial architecture, colorful murals, museums, and cafés define this charming neighborhood.
- Plaza Bolívar: The city’s main square, surrounded by important government buildings and the stunning Primatial Cathedral.
- Monserrate: A mountain that towers over the city, accessible by funicular, cable car, or hiking trail. The view from the top is breathtaking.
- Museo del Oro (Gold Museum): Home to over 55,000 pieces of pre-Hispanic gold artifacts. A must-visit.
- Museo Botero: Showcasing works by Fernando Botero and other international artists in a beautifully restored colonial mansion.
- Simón Bolívar Park: One of the largest urban parks in Latin America, perfect for walking, cycling, or just relaxing.
- Usaquén: A charming colonial neighborhood filled with restaurants, boutiques, and a popular Sunday artisan market.
OTHER IMPORTANT ASPECTS
Bogotá is not just the political and economic center of Colombia—it’s also its cultural capital. The city hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, such as:
- Festival Iberoamericano de Teatro – One of the largest theater festivals in the world.
- Rock al Parque – A free rock music festival attracting global artists.
- Bogotá Film Festival – Celebrating local and international cinema.
The city is also becoming a center for tech startups, education, and sustainability efforts. More bike lanes, eco-parks, and green initiatives are helping Bogotá become a cleaner, smarter city.
Bogotá is a city that invites you to explore slowly, to listen closely, and to look beyond the surface. It’s a place where every building has a story, every dish tells a tale of culture, and every mountain in the distance reminds you of the city’s unique setting.
Whether you’re watching the sun set over the Andes from Monserrate, sipping hot chocolate with cheese (yes, it’s a thing!) in La Candelaria, or navigating the buzz of downtown, Bogotá offers an unforgettable experience. It’s not a postcard city—it’s real, raw, and incredibly rewarding.
