Shanghai is a city of contrasts and possibilities, where tradition meets modernity in one of the world’s most dynamic urban landscapes. Often called the “Pearl of the Orient,” Shanghai is not only China’s largest city but also a global financial powerhouse and cultural hub. Its story is rich, its population diverse, and its spirit unmistakably electric.
A STORIED PAST: THE HISTORY OF SHANGHAI
Shanghai’s history is a fascinating journey from a small fishing village to an international megacity. Records show the area was inhabited for centuries, but it wasn’t until the Yuan Dynasty in the 13th century that Shanghai started to take shape as a modest market town.
The real transformation began in the 19th century. Following the First Opium War, the Treaty of Nanking in 1842 forced China to open several treaty ports to foreign trade—Shanghai became one of the most important. This ushered in a period of rapid growth, where Western powers built concessions—self-governing enclaves—resulting in a unique blend of Chinese and foreign architecture and culture.
Shanghai flourished as a global trade center, known for its booming port and bustling markets. The city earned a reputation as a “Paris of the East,” with jazz clubs, luxury hotels, and a cosmopolitan lifestyle.
The 20th century brought its share of challenges: war, occupation, and revolution shaped Shanghai’s identity. After 1949, under Communist rule, the city’s economy shifted away from its international past. However, since the economic reforms of the late 1970s and the establishment of the Pudong New Area, Shanghai has re-emerged as a global financial hub and one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
POPULATION AND LANGUAGE
Today, Shanghai is home to over 24 million residents, making it one of the most populous cities on Earth. It’s a melting pot of people from all corners of China and beyond, attracted by job opportunities and the city’s vibrant culture.
The official language is Mandarin Chinese, which is the lingua franca throughout China. However, the local dialect is Shanghainese, a variant of Wu Chinese, still spoken by many native residents. English is widely taught in schools and commonly used in business, tourism, and international settings, but outside these areas, language barriers can arise for visitors.
CURRENCY AND ELECTRICITY
Shanghai, like the rest of China, uses the Chinese Yuan (CNY) or Renminbi (RMB) as its currency. Cash is still common, though digital payments through apps like WeChat Pay and Alipay dominate daily transactions, even for small purchases. ATMs and currency exchange centers are available, especially in commercial and tourist areas.
The electrical system runs on 220 volts at 50 Hz, and the plugs are usually Type A, Type I, or Type C. Visitors from countries using 110 volts or different plug types may need an adapter and voltage converter.
CLIMATE: A MIX OF FOUR SEASONS
Shanghai experiences a humid subtropical climate, which means it has hot summers, cold winters, and distinct spring and autumn seasons.
- Summer (June to August) tends to be hot and humid, with temperatures often reaching above 30°C (86°F), accompanied by heavy rain and occasional typhoons.
- Autumn (September to November) is considered the best time to visit, with mild temperatures and clear skies.
- Winter (December to February) can be chilly, with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing, but snow is rare.
- Spring (March to May) sees mild weather, though it can be rainy and sometimes foggy.
The city’s location on the coast means that the weather can change rapidly, so it’s good to be prepared for sudden rain showers year-round.
CULINARY DELIGHTS: FOOD IN SHANGHAI
Shanghai’s food scene is a reflection of its cultural history—rich, diverse, and full of bold flavors. It’s especially famous for “Benbang cuisine”, the local style that emphasizes freshness, sweetness, and delicate seasoning.
Some iconic dishes include:
- Xiaolongbao: These famous soup dumplings, filled with pork and broth, are a must-try for any visitor.
- Shengjianbao: Pan-fried buns that offer a crispy bottom and juicy filling.
- Hairy crab: A seasonal delicacy enjoyed during autumn.
- Shanghai-style noodles: Stir-fried noodles with soy sauce, vegetables, and meat.
- Braised pork belly (Hong Shao Rou): Slow-cooked pork in a sweet soy glaze, rich and tender.
- Drunken chicken: Chicken marinated in Shaoxing wine, tender and flavorful.
Besides traditional fare, Shanghai boasts a thriving international dining scene with everything from Michelin-starred restaurants to bustling street food stalls. Night markets are great spots to explore local snacks and casual eats.
GETTING AROUND: TRANSPORT IN SHANGHAI
Shanghai’s transportation system is world-class and constantly expanding to meet the needs of its massive population.
- The Shanghai Metro is one of the longest and busiest subway systems worldwide, clean, efficient, and easy to navigate. It connects major districts, airports, and tourist attractions.
- Buses and taxis provide alternatives for reaching places the metro doesn’t serve.
- Maglev train: For something truly futuristic, the magnetic levitation train connects the city to Pudong International Airport at speeds of up to 430 km/h (267 mph), making it the fastest commercial train in the world.
- Bicycles and electric scooters have made a comeback, especially for short trips around parks and neighborhoods, thanks to a network of bike lanes and rental services.
While traffic congestion can be intense, especially during rush hours, public transportation remains the most efficient way to move around.
SAFETY IN SHANGHAI
Shanghai is considered one of the safest large cities globally. Crime rates are relatively low, and violent crime is rare, making it comfortable for tourists and residents alike. Common issues like pickpocketing can occur in crowded places, so usual travel vigilance is advised.
The city is also well-prepared for emergencies, with clean streets, good lighting, and a visible police presence. Healthcare facilities are modern and accessible, with many international hospitals offering English-speaking services.
MAIN ATTRACTIONS TO EXPLORE
Shanghai is packed with attractions that tell the story of its past and showcase its future.
1. The Bund (Waitan)
This iconic waterfront promenade offers stunning views of the futuristic Pudong skyline on one side and historic colonial buildings on the other. It’s a place to stroll day or night, soaking in Shanghai’s unique blend of old and new.
2. Pudong Skyline
Home to skyscrapers like the Shanghai Tower (the second tallest building in the world), Oriental Pearl TV Tower, and Jin Mao Tower, Pudong represents the city’s rapid modernization. The observation decks provide breathtaking panoramic views.
3. Yu Garden
A classic example of Chinese garden design, Yu Garden is a peaceful oasis in the middle of the bustling city. It features traditional pavilions, koi ponds, and beautifully landscaped greenery.
4. Nanjing Road
Known as China’s premier shopping street, it’s always buzzing with locals and tourists. From luxury brands to street vendors, it’s a great place to experience Shanghai’s vibrant urban life.
5. Shanghai Museum
Located in People’s Square, this museum offers a deep dive into China’s art and history, with vast collections of ceramics, calligraphy, bronzes, and ancient artifacts.
6. French Concession
This charming area showcases leafy streets, colonial-era architecture, trendy cafés, boutiques, and bars. It’s perfect for wandering and getting a feel for the city’s multicultural heritage.
7. Jing’an Temple
A serene Buddhist temple amid the skyscrapers, it offers a quiet cultural experience and beautiful architecture.
8. Tianzifang and Xintiandi
Both are trendy neighborhoods where old alleyways have been transformed into hubs of art, dining, and nightlife, blending tradition with modern creativity.
OTHER IMPORTANT ASPECTS
Economic Powerhouse
Shanghai is often called the “financial capital of China,” hosting the Shanghai Stock Exchange, one of the world’s largest by market capitalization. It’s a city where business thrives alongside culture.
Cultural Scene
The city is home to world-class theaters, galleries, and music venues. Traditional Chinese opera shares space with international art exhibitions, modern dance, and film festivals.
Education and Innovation
Shanghai’s universities rank among the top globally, and the city fosters innovation with technology parks, startups, and research centers.
Green Spaces
Despite its size, Shanghai boasts numerous parks and waterfront promenades where residents and visitors can relax. Century Park, Fuxing Park, and the riverside promenades are popular spots to escape the urban rush.
Shanghai is a city that captivates and challenges, blending a fascinating history with an unstoppable drive toward the future. Whether you’re wandering its historic gardens, marveling at its futuristic skyscrapers, savoring a steaming basket of soup dumplings, or riding the world’s fastest train, Shanghai offers a rich tapestry of experiences.
It’s a city of energy and elegance, where every corner has a story to tell and every moment offers a new discovery. For those seeking a place that embodies both ancient culture and modern ambition, Shanghai is simply unforgettable.
